The Red Bear Pembina are a distinct treaty lineage of the Pembina Band of Chippewa Indians, descending from original signatories of the 1789 and 1863 treaties. Their rights were never terminated by Congress, were not ceded through subsequent agreements, and continue through identifiable descendants as recognized in federal records.
The Red Bear Pembina are direct lineal descendants of the Pembina Band of Chippewa Indians and the original treaty signatories to the 1789 Treaty of Fort Harmar and the 1863 Treaty of Old Crossing.
These treaties established binding obligations under United States law and remain in force today unless expressly terminated by Congress. No Act of Congress has ever terminated the treaty rights associated with the Red Bear Pembina lineage.
These rights continue through identifiable descendant families historically associated with the Pembina Band, including those connected to Red Lake, Turtle Mountain, and related communities. This site presents the legal, historical, and documentary record establishing the continued validity of those treaty rights.